However, the equations provided in nutritional guidelines can predict a theoretical average for a specific group of animals. Given the many variables affecting the energy requirements of an individual pet, no single formula will allow us to calculate the energy requirements for all dogs or cats (Haunser 1991). Providing accurate feeding recommendations remains an ongoing challenge for pet food companies and the feeding guides are intended only as a starting point. Understanding the energy content of prepared pet food and daily energy requirements of adult dogs & cats A Guide for Veterinary Professionals Introduction